Diseases BUSUK PANGKAL PALM OIL (Ganoderma boninense) AND ITS CONTROL
Symptoms and Signs of Disease
Early symptoms of this disease are difficult to detect because the development of this disease is very slow and not diagnostic. Symptoms are easily seen when the symptoms are advanced or have formed a fruiting body (Fruting Body), as a result the control measures have been difficult.
In Plants Not Produced.
Symptoms that appear are yellow leaves and then dry and necrosis of the lower midrib continues to the upper midrib and finally all plants dry up and die. Fruit bodies are rarely found at the base of the stem. Decay of stem base also occurs in TBM plants.
In Plants Produce.
Symptoms in plant produce are more easily found, namely pale yellowed leaves followed by accumulation of spears. In symptoms that are further marked by the fracture of the lower midrib and hanging (sengkleh). At the base of the stem or the middle part of the oil palm plant decay which sometimes sometimes follows the growth of the body of the Ganoderma fruit, but not all symptomatic plants produce a fruiting body, not even the slightest symptom. Suddenly the oil palm tree fell and the inside of the stem decayed.
In addition there are also inernal symptoms, namely the occurrence of decay at the base of the stem. In rotten stem tissue, lesio appears as a light brown area accompanied by an irregularly colored dark region. This ribbon is often referred to as a reaction zone containing sap. Microscopically the internal symptoms of ganoderma root are similar to the infected stem. The diseased tissue of the root cortex changes color from white to brown. In advanced attacks, cortical tissue is fragile and easily destroyed.
Causes of Disease and Dissemination Mechanism of Ganoderma boninense
The cause of the root rot disease of oil palm trunks in Indonesia is the mushroom Ganoderma Boninense. Transmission of this disease is mostly through the mechanism of contact of the sick palm roots and is very small through basidiospora. The fruiting body will produce mycelium and basidiospores, with the help of wind, insects, ternah animals and human basidospora spread. And the mycelium itself spreads with the root konak with other plants, insects, livestock and humans.
Ganoderma boninense Disease Control
1. Census.
Census of all oil palm trees per tree. Drops into two symptoms, namely severe symptoms (fruit not present and ready to fall) and mild symptoms (fruit is still there and the tree is standing upright).
2. Early Handling.
Based on the results of the census, oil palm plantations which are still low in incidence of disease are carried out prevention measures for disease transmission. This is usually the case with gardens still in the first generation. The diseased oil palm plantations are removed and their boles are removed. Palm oil stems are chopped and burned or expelled from the garden. The destruction of oil palm trunks can also be carried out chemically or biologically.
3. Protection of New Palm Oil Plants.
Protection begins with the making of big holes 2.8 x 2.8 m and the provision of tankos on the large hole. Addition of antagonist agents such as fungi, which are as much as 10 grams of seeding, 400 grams in planting holes and 200 grams in the dish.
4. Eradication of Ganoderma Potential Inoculum Sources.
Eradication can be done physically, mechanically and biologically.
Symptoms and Signs of Disease
Early symptoms of this disease are difficult to detect because the development of this disease is very slow and not diagnostic. Symptoms are easily seen when the symptoms are advanced or have formed a fruiting body (Fruting Body), as a result the control measures have been difficult.
In Plants Not Produced.
Symptoms that appear are yellow leaves and then dry and necrosis of the lower midrib continues to the upper midrib and finally all plants dry up and die. Fruit bodies are rarely found at the base of the stem. Decay of stem base also occurs in TBM plants.
In Plants Produce.
Symptoms in plant produce are more easily found, namely pale yellowed leaves followed by accumulation of spears. In symptoms that are further marked by the fracture of the lower midrib and hanging (sengkleh). At the base of the stem or the middle part of the oil palm plant decay which sometimes sometimes follows the growth of the body of the Ganoderma fruit, but not all symptomatic plants produce a fruiting body, not even the slightest symptom. Suddenly the oil palm tree fell and the inside of the stem decayed.
In addition there are also inernal symptoms, namely the occurrence of decay at the base of the stem. In rotten stem tissue, lesio appears as a light brown area accompanied by an irregularly colored dark region. This ribbon is often referred to as a reaction zone containing sap. Microscopically the internal symptoms of ganoderma root are similar to the infected stem. The diseased tissue of the root cortex changes color from white to brown. In advanced attacks, cortical tissue is fragile and easily destroyed.
Causes of Disease and Dissemination Mechanism of Ganoderma boninense
The cause of the root rot disease of oil palm trunks in Indonesia is the mushroom Ganoderma Boninense. Transmission of this disease is mostly through the mechanism of contact of the sick palm roots and is very small through basidiospora. The fruiting body will produce mycelium and basidiospores, with the help of wind, insects, ternah animals and human basidospora spread. And the mycelium itself spreads with the root konak with other plants, insects, livestock and humans.
Ganoderma boninense Disease Control
1. Census.
Census of all oil palm trees per tree. Drops into two symptoms, namely severe symptoms (fruit not present and ready to fall) and mild symptoms (fruit is still there and the tree is standing upright).
2. Early Handling.
Based on the results of the census, oil palm plantations which are still low in incidence of disease are carried out prevention measures for disease transmission. This is usually the case with gardens still in the first generation. The diseased oil palm plantations are removed and their boles are removed. Palm oil stems are chopped and burned or expelled from the garden. The destruction of oil palm trunks can also be carried out chemically or biologically.
3. Protection of New Palm Oil Plants.
Protection begins with the making of big holes 2.8 x 2.8 m and the provision of tankos on the large hole. Addition of antagonist agents such as fungi, which are as much as 10 grams of seeding, 400 grams in planting holes and 200 grams in the dish.
4. Eradication of Ganoderma Potential Inoculum Sources.
Eradication can be done physically, mechanically and biologically.
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